Commercial Truck and Bus Tire Care

Load index is subject to the driving speed, tire structure, and tire mounting position (single or dual). The US TRA, Korea KS, EU ETRTO, and Japan JIS standards all follow the same load index.

Trucks & Buses

The table below shows the smallest index under cold tire conditions.

Light Truck

The table below shows the smallest index under cold tire conditions.

Air pressure can be appropriately increased under the following conditions:

A. Increase speed and load requirements

B. For better handling

However, the increased air pressure should not exceed the specified maximum load, 20 psi, nor exceed the maximum load and air pressure required by the rim.

Over inflation will lead to tire blowout which affects driving safety and increases operating costs!

Step 1

First, inspect the tire thoroughly to determine if it is repairable.

Step 2

If any damage is found, mark the position both inside and outside with a crayon.

Step 3

Remove the foreign object that caused the damage.

Step 4

Check if there is any hidden damage inside or outside with a puncture probe.

Step 5

Determine the damage angle from inside out with a drill bit.

Step 6

If the damage is greater than 25°, use the two part separation method to repair. If the diameter of the damage is within 15 mm, use an integral radial plug.

Step 7

Align the center of the repair material with the center of the damage, and draw a peripheral line 25 mm beyond the repair material as the buffing line.

Step 8

Spray the area with a rubber cleaner.

Step 9

When the tire is still wet, scrape off the foreign objects with a scraper.

Step 10

Use a rubber buffing wheel and a low-speed pneumatic buffing machine to buff the previously marked area.

Step 11

Use a carbide cutter and a low-speed pneumatic drill to cut along the damaged area from inside to outside in a clockwise direction for at least three times.

Step 12

Repeat step 11 from outside to inside for three times to make sure the damaged area is properly treated.

Step 13

Use a vacuum cleaner to remove the steel slag and scrap rubber on both sides of the tire.

Step 14

Use the rubber cleaner and a clean cloth to remove the contaminants by wiping the tire outward from the center. Repeat this step until the buffed area is completely clean. Wait 3-4 minutes for the cleaner to completely dry.

Step 15

With a brush, apply the curing agent both inside and outside the buffed hole.Step 16
Apply the curing agent on the buffed area outward from the center, and wait 3-5 minutes for it to dry.

Step 16

Apply the curing agent on the buffed area outward from the center, and wait 3-5 minutes for it to dry.

Step 17

Position the steel string puller around the middle of the exposed black rubber stem.

Step 18

Remove the blue film wrapping the rubber stem.

Step 19

Remove the blue film from the crown and reposition it (see picture). This is to avoid unnecessary adhesion during the pulling process and contamination of the grey cushion gum.

Step 20

Position the integral radial plug horizontally, and apply the curing agent on the cone part of the rubber stem and on the edge of the gray adhesive.

Step 21

Drill the steel string puller through the hole paying special attention to the alignment of the arrow with the tire toe.

Step 22

Pull the steel string puller from the inside out so that the integral radial plug is secured in place.

Step 23

After the rubber stem is pulled out of the hole, check if arrow 5 is aligned with the tire toe. Continue pulling until the reinforced crown is pressed against the inner tire surface.

Step 24

Use your thumb to press the crown into position.

Step 25

Use a compaction roller to secure the crown in place from the center out.

Step 26

Remove the blue film and repeat the step above until the crown is completely compacted.

Step 27

Remove the white film.

Step 28

Apply safety sealant to the crown and along the polished site, when tubeless tire is repaired.

Step 29

Cut the rubber stem so that it is leveled with the tread. If the rubber stem is in the groove, use a carving machine to carve it so that it matches the tread.

Step 30

The repair process is completed, and the tire can now be put back into service.

Step 1

The tire and tube should be cleared of debris before assembly. It is recommended to apply dry and finely grounded talc or graphite powder uniformly on the surface of the tire inner wall, tube, and flap.

Step 2

When placing the folded tube into the tire, the valve stem must be face upwards. Unfold and flatten the inner tube when inserting it into the tire. Remove the tube valve cap.

Step 3

Check if the flap is assembled in the correct position. Set the flap on the tube valve stem, between the tube and the tire. Make sure there are no wrinkles or folds on the flap edge.

Step 4

Apply noncorrosive lubricants uniformly on the bead. Install the tire onto the rim, aligning the valve with the rim valve slot.

Step 5

Insert the ring (compression ring) into the groove.

Step 6

Make sure all the components are properly installed and match with each other. Remove the tube valve core and inflate the tire pressure to the recommended 350 kPa. Using a wooden mallet, tap along the tire circumference so that the tire fits tightly with the rim.

Step 7

Check to see if the tire is installed correctly. If not, deflate the tire and readjust the position of the tire and the rim.

Step 8

After the tire is assembled, check to see that each component is installed properly before inflating the tire. Then inflate the tire to the specified pressure level and measure with a pressure gauge.

Note:

A. Tires must be installed on specified rims. The rims cannot be deformed, rusted, non-circular, cracked, unevenly welded, loosed, or sharp-edged.
B. Only tires with the same specification, structure, brand, size, ply rating, and pattern can be installed on the same axle.
C. Install directional tire so that the rotation direction is consistent with the vehicle’s traveling direction.
D. When replacing new tires, it is recommended to replace all the tires on vehicle or at least on the same axle.
E. Use special tools or machinery to install and remove tube tires.
F. During tire inflation, the operator should not stand to the side of the tire.

Step 1

Choose the correct rim size and model for your tire. It is recommended to replace the rim if there are damages or cracks.

Step 2

Clean the rim with clean cotton towels.

Step 3

Tighten the valve stem cap to prevent the valve from loosening and leaking air.

Step 4

Apply noncorrosive lubricants uniformly on the bead. Install the tire onto the rim by aligning the valve with the rim valve slot.

Step 5

Check if the tire is damaged or cracked. If so, replace or repair the tire immediately. Clean the tire (recommend using special tire cleaners) by wiping off the moisture or debris inside the tire with a clean cotton towel.

Step 6

Use lubricants to protect the tire from damage. Lubricate the bead and rim edge uniformly.

Step 7

Align the balance point (white dot) with the valve, tilt the tire to place it onto the rim, and fix the rim in place using splints.

Step 8

Insert the indenter from the bottom of the rim and rotate the main axle clockwise. Never install both beads at the same time to avoid bead damage.

Step 9

Inflate the tire to the recommended pressure of 350 kPa. Check to see if the tire is installed correctly (tire line matches up with rim edge). If not, deflate the tire and readjust the position of the tire and the rim.

Step 10

After the tire is assembled, check to see that each component is installed properly before inflating the tire. Then inflate the tire to the specified pressure level and measure with a pressure gauge. During tire inflation, the operator should not stand to the side of the tire.

1. Tubeless Tire Features:

• Outer diameter of a tubeless tire is the same as a tube tire, so the gear ratio will not change before or after a tire change
• Rim diameter is 2 inches wider with better heat dissipation and lower temperatures
• Load capacity remains the same with a lighter rim

2. Advantages of Tubeless Tires: 10% Lighter Than Tube Tires

Lower sidewall for more accurate and safer steering and handling

Fewer components with lower friction and rolling resistance for better fuel efficiency

Superior heat dissipation and lower temperatures for longer tire life

Better contact area with uniform wear for longer tire life

Less components and lighter weight for reduced fuel consumption

3. Basic Components of a Tubeless Tire

Tubeless Tire (3 Basic Components)

For example, 12R22.5 18PR GAL817:

A: Casing = 64.21 kg
B: Rim and Valve = 47.55 kg
Total Weight: 111.76 kg

Disclaimer: This Specification Guidance Table for Replacement is only for reference. Giti does not assume any responsibility for it. When replacing tires, please consult with your local distributor and take into consideration the rim, tire specification, load, handling, and other factors.